A Soberania e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional nos currículos de Nutrição de instituições de ensino superior latino-americanas.
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Data
2022-05-21
Autores
Beato, Gabriel Cunha
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na América Latina, fome, insegurança alimentar, desnutrição, excesso de peso e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis podem coexistir na mesma pessoa, domicílio e comunidade. As heranças latino americanas históricas, políticas e econômicas constituem barreiras para a plena realização do direito humano à alimentação adequada, intimamente relacionado com a soberania alimentar e segurança alimentar e nutricional. Ambas compreendem temáticas transversais de características multiprofissionais, das quais o nutricionista possui um relativo conhecimento e inserção na atuação profissional. O nível de conhecimento do nutricionista com a soberania alimentar e segurança alimentar e nutricional depende do processo de formação profissional a nível universitário, o qual pode abordar de maneira suficiente ou não a temática durante a graduação. Os conteúdos curriculares de graduação em nutrição e as diretrizes nacionais para a formação destes profissionais preveem de que forma e em que grau a Soberania Alimentar e a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional são trabalhadas na graduação, com fortes influências nacionais e internacionais. Objetivo: analisar qual é o perfil do nutricionista formado na América Latina a partir de uma análise dos temas da soberania alimentar e da segurança alimentar e nutricional nos componentes curriculares de instituições de ensino superior latino-americanas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo a partir da análise documental com uso do referencial metodológico da análise de conteúdo com abordagem temática para identificar a forma de inserção de ambas temáticas nas propostas curriculares de cursos de graduação em nutrição de instituições de instituições de ensino superior latino-americanas. A partir do ranking internacional das melhores universidades da América Latina e região do Caribe da Times Higher Education no ano de 2018, foram identificadas as 25 primeiras instituições que oferecem o curso de nutrição. Em seguida, foram coletados eletronicamente os projetos pedagógicos e informações curriculares para análise de cada instituição para identificação de disciplinas relacionadas aos temas de interesse. Análises de aderência, coerência, enfoque, proporção e posição foram realizadas para grupos de disciplinas com alguma identificação com os temas de interesse. Resultados: Como resultado principal desta tese, tem-se que tanto a soberania alimentar quanto a segurança alimentar e nutricional são temas pouco abordados nos currículos de nutrição das instituições de ensino superior latino-americanas e existem diferenças regionais importantes quanto à compreensão dos temas dentre os países. Conclusão: A tese aponta escassez na literatura pertinente por meio da sua revisão bibliográfica. Sugere-se, como direções futuras, estudos que aprofundem os dados dos documentos, como pesquisas qualitativas com os universitários, professores e coordenadores dos cursos de nutrição na tentativa de verificar a realidade da prática da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e a Soberania Alimentar e Nutricional na formação profissional.
In Latin America, hunger, food insecurity, malnutrition, overweight and chronic noncommunicable diseases can coexist in the same person, household and community. Latin American historical, political and economic heritages constitute barriers to the full realization of the human right to adequate food, closely related to food sovereignty and food and nutritional security. Both comprise transversal themes of multiprofessional characteristics, of which the nutritionist has a relative knowledge and insertion in the professional performance. The nutritionist's level of knowledge with food sovereignty and food and nutrition security depends on the professional training process at university level, which may or may not sufficiently address the subject during graduation. The undergraduate curricular contents in nutrition and the national guidelines for the training of these professionals predict how and to what degree Food Sovereignty and Food and Nutrition Security are worked on at graduation, with strong national and international influences. Objective: to analyze the profile of the nutritionist trained in Latin America based on an analysis of food sovereignty and food and nutrition security in the curricular components of Latin American higher education institutions. Methods: This is a qualitative research based on document analysis using the methodological framework of content analysis with a thematic approach to identify the form of insertion of both themes in the curricular proposals of undergraduate courses in nutrition of institutions of higher educational from Latin American. Based on the Times Higher Education international ranking of the best universities in Latin America and the Caribbean region in 2018, the top 25 institutions offering the nutrition course were identified. Then, the pedagogical projects and curriculum information were electronically collected for analysis of each institution to identify subjects related to topics of interest. Analysis of adherence, coherence, focus, proportion and position were carried out for groups of subjects with some identification with the topics of interest. Results: As the main result of this thesis, both food sovereignty and food and nutrition security are topics that are rarely addressed in the nutrition curricula of Latin American higher education institutions and that there are important regional differences in terms of understanding the themes among countries. Conclusion: The thesis points to scarcity in the relevant literature through its bibliographic review. It is suggested, as future directions, studies that deepen the data of the documents, such as qualitative research with university students, professors and coordinators of nutrition courses in an attempt to verify the reality of the practice of Food and Nutrition Security and Food and Nutrition Sovereignty in professional qualification.
In Latin America, hunger, food insecurity, malnutrition, overweight and chronic noncommunicable diseases can coexist in the same person, household and community. Latin American historical, political and economic heritages constitute barriers to the full realization of the human right to adequate food, closely related to food sovereignty and food and nutritional security. Both comprise transversal themes of multiprofessional characteristics, of which the nutritionist has a relative knowledge and insertion in the professional performance. The nutritionist's level of knowledge with food sovereignty and food and nutrition security depends on the professional training process at university level, which may or may not sufficiently address the subject during graduation. The undergraduate curricular contents in nutrition and the national guidelines for the training of these professionals predict how and to what degree Food Sovereignty and Food and Nutrition Security are worked on at graduation, with strong national and international influences. Objective: to analyze the profile of the nutritionist trained in Latin America based on an analysis of food sovereignty and food and nutrition security in the curricular components of Latin American higher education institutions. Methods: This is a qualitative research based on document analysis using the methodological framework of content analysis with a thematic approach to identify the form of insertion of both themes in the curricular proposals of undergraduate courses in nutrition of institutions of higher educational from Latin American. Based on the Times Higher Education international ranking of the best universities in Latin America and the Caribbean region in 2018, the top 25 institutions offering the nutrition course were identified. Then, the pedagogical projects and curriculum information were electronically collected for analysis of each institution to identify subjects related to topics of interest. Analysis of adherence, coherence, focus, proportion and position were carried out for groups of subjects with some identification with the topics of interest. Results: As the main result of this thesis, both food sovereignty and food and nutrition security are topics that are rarely addressed in the nutrition curricula of Latin American higher education institutions and that there are important regional differences in terms of understanding the themes among countries. Conclusion: The thesis points to scarcity in the relevant literature through its bibliographic review. It is suggested, as future directions, studies that deepen the data of the documents, such as qualitative research with university students, professors and coordinators of nutrition courses in an attempt to verify the reality of the practice of Food and Nutrition Security and Food and Nutrition Sovereignty in professional qualification.
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Palavras-chave
Universidade, nutrição, currículo, segurança alimentar e nutricional, food and nutrition security, curriculum