Materiais obturadores utilizados no tratamento endodôntico de dentes decíduos: uma revisão de literatura
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Data
2022-08-17
Autores
Araujo, Beatriz da Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O tratamento endodôntico em Odontopediatria visa promover a limpeza dos canais radiculares a fim de manter a integridade dos dentes decíduos e de seus tecidos de suporte, e consequentemente a saúde do germe do sucessor permanente. Pode ser realizado em dentes com polpa exposta, infectada e/ou necrótica e envolve três etapas principais: preparo químico-mecânico, medicação intracanal e obturação dos canais radiculares. Diversos materiais obturadores são utilizados na terapêutica endodôntica de dentes decíduos. É importante que esses materiais apresentem efeito antimicrobiano e anti-inflamatório, além de serem biocompatíveis quando em contato com os tecidos remanescentes. Visto que os dentes decíduos apresentam o processo de rizólise ativo, os materiais obturadores precisam ser também reabsorvíveis. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre diferentes tipos de materiais obturadores utilizados para o tratamento endodôntico de dentes decíduos. Para este estudo, artigos científicos foram extraídos das plataformas de dados bibliográficos Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo a partir da data de publicação (de 2000 em diante) e realizada uma discussão dos principais resultados. Entre os materiais de obturação de dentes decíduos, as pastas a base de iodofórmio e de hidróxido de cálcio são as mais utilizadas e possuem potencial antibacteriano, biocompatibilidade e elevada capacidade de reabsorção. O cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol (OZE), embora seja ainda utilizado, apresenta características indesejáveis como ser irritante aos tecidos periapicais e possuir lenta reabsorção. De acordo com a literatura, as técnicas existentes de obturação apresentam boas taxas de sucesso clínico e radiográfico, contudo existem dificuldades inerentes ao tratamento de dentes decíduos e ainda não existem evidências de qual o material ou técnica são mais apropriados para a realização de obturação em pulpectomia de dentes decíduos.
Endodontic treatment in pediatric dentistry aims to promote the cleaning of root canals in order to maintain the integrity of deciduous teeth and ther supporting tissues, and consequently the health of the permanent successor germ. It can be performed on teeth with exposed, infected and/ or necrotic Pulp and involves three main steps: chemical-mechanical preparation, intracanal medication and root canal filling. Several filling materials are used in endodontic therapy of deciduous teeth. It is important that these materials have an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect, in addition to being biocompatible when in contact with the remaining tissues. Since deciduous teeth present an active rhizolysis process, filling materials must also be resorbable. In view of the above, the aim of this study was to review the literature on different types of filling materials used for endodontic treatment of primary teeth. For this study, scientific articles were extracted from the bibliografic data platforms PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo from the date of publication (from 2000 onwards) and a discussion of the main results was carried out. Among the filling materials for primary teeth, iodoform and calcium hydroxide-based pastes are the most used and have antibacterial potential, biocompatibility and high resorption capacity. The zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) cement, although still used, has undesirable characteristics such as being irritating to periapical tissues and having slow resorption. According to the literature, the existing filling tchniques have good clinical and radiographic success rates, however there is still no evidence of which material or technique is more appropriate for performing filling in pulpectomy of deciduous teeth.
Endodontic treatment in pediatric dentistry aims to promote the cleaning of root canals in order to maintain the integrity of deciduous teeth and ther supporting tissues, and consequently the health of the permanent successor germ. It can be performed on teeth with exposed, infected and/ or necrotic Pulp and involves three main steps: chemical-mechanical preparation, intracanal medication and root canal filling. Several filling materials are used in endodontic therapy of deciduous teeth. It is important that these materials have an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect, in addition to being biocompatible when in contact with the remaining tissues. Since deciduous teeth present an active rhizolysis process, filling materials must also be resorbable. In view of the above, the aim of this study was to review the literature on different types of filling materials used for endodontic treatment of primary teeth. For this study, scientific articles were extracted from the bibliografic data platforms PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo from the date of publication (from 2000 onwards) and a discussion of the main results was carried out. Among the filling materials for primary teeth, iodoform and calcium hydroxide-based pastes are the most used and have antibacterial potential, biocompatibility and high resorption capacity. The zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) cement, although still used, has undesirable characteristics such as being irritating to periapical tissues and having slow resorption. According to the literature, the existing filling tchniques have good clinical and radiographic success rates, however there is still no evidence of which material or technique is more appropriate for performing filling in pulpectomy of deciduous teeth.
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Palavras-chave
Obturação do canal radicular, Pulpectomia, Dentes decíduos, Materiais restauradores do canal radicular, Root canal filling materials