Carbon dioxide dynamics through orbital and terrestrial measurements on Amazonian crop and forest lands
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Data
2023-01-30
Autores
Rossi, Fernando Saragosa [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A emissão de dióxido de carbono (CO2) do solo é reconhecida como o segundo maior fluxo de carbono (C) entre os ecossistemas terrestres e a atmosfera. Nas áreas agrícolas, é um processo resultante da interação de diferentes fatores, tais como clima, condições do solo e investimento tecnológico. Assim, estudos capazes de caracterizar a dinâmica do CO2 são importantes na busca da compreensão das relações entre os atributos do solo em diferentes sistemas de produção. O trabalho foi realizado em quatro capítulos, desenvolvidos no estado de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul. No capítulo 1, foram apresentadas as considerações gerais do estudo. No capítulo 2, avaliamos a variabilidade temporal da emissão de CO2 do solo e sua relação com variáveis relacionadas como fluxo de CO2 (CO2Flux) derivado de processos fotossintéticos, Índice de Vegetação Melhorada (EVI), Produtividade Primária Bruta (GPP), Índice de Área Foliar (LAI), Temperatura do Solo (Ts) e Umidade do Solo (Us), no ano safra 2020/2021 na Fazenda Aurora, que está localizada no município de Cláudia no Estado do Mato Grosso com os diferentes usos e ocupação do solo: soja de baixo potencial de rendimento (SB); floresta nativa (FN); soja de alto potencial de rendimento (SA); bom pasto (PB) e pasto degradado (PD). Influência significativa (p < 0,01) foi encontrada neste capítulo para todas as variáveis analisadas e entre os diferentes usos do solo e cobertura da terra. Os valores FCO2 para SA e SB com os valores mais baixos e para FN com os valores mais altos sendo o oposto para CO2Flux. No capítulo 3, foi avaliada a relação entre o fluxo de dióxido de carbono no solo e os índices multiespectrais da vegetação em um sistema de monocultura de espécies de eucalipto, no campo experimental da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus de Chapadão do Sul onde a área é composta por cinco espécies de eucalipto: E. camaldulensis, E. uroplylla, E. saligna, E. grandis e E. urograndis e Corymbria citriodora. No capítulo 3, a umidade do solo apresenta uma correlação negativa entre FCO2 e significativa (p < 0,05), provou ser um dos fatores importantes no controle da respiração do solo. Os índices de vegetação NDRE (Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), SAVI (Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index) e MSAVI (Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index) mostraram maior correlação negativa com FCO2, e uma influência significativa de p < 0,001 para as espécies E. camaldulensis, E. saligna e E. uroplylla. No capítulo 4, a detecção remota foi usada para avaliar a dinâmica espaço-temporal do CO2 de 2015 a 2018 no estado de Mato Grosso, que é a principal fronteira agrícola do Brasil. Os resultados do capítulo 4 mostraram que a variabilidade temporal do fluxo de CO2 está positivamente correlacionada com a precipitação, enquanto que o XCO2 está negativamente correlacionado com a precipitação. Portanto, não somente o XCO2, mas também o fluxo de CO2 estão diretamente relacionados ao uso da terra e à mudança de cobertura do solo (LULCC) em sistemas complexos que são afetados por variáveis e processos climáticos, como a fotossíntese e a respiração do solo.
The soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, is recognized as the second largest carbon (C) flux between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. In agricultural areas it is a process resulting from the interaction of different factors, such as climate, soil conditions and technological investment. Thus, studies capable of characterizing the dynamics of CO2 are important in the search for understanding the relationships between soil attributes in different production systems. The work was conducted in four chapters, developed in the state of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. In chapter 1, the general considerations of the study were presented. In chapter 2, we evaluated the temporal variability of CO2 emission from soil and its relation with related variables as CO2 flux (CO2Flux) derived from photosynthetic processes, Enhanced vegetation index (EVI), Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Soil Temperature (Ts) and Soil Moisture (Ms), in the crop year 2020/2021 in Aurora Farm, which is located in the municipality of Cláudia in the State of Mato Grosso with the different land uses and occupation: low yield potential soybean (SB); native forest (FN); high yield potential soybean (SA); good pasture (PB) and degraded pasture (PD). Significant influence (p < 0.01) was found in this chapter for all variables analyzed and between the different land uses and land cover. The FCO2 values for SA and SB with the lowest values and for FN with the highest values being the opposite for CO2Flux. In chapter 3, were evaluated the relation between the flux of carbon dioxide from soil and multispectral indices of vegetation in a monoculture system of eucalypt species, in the experimental field of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus de Chapadão do Sul where the area is composed of five species of eucalyptus: E. camaldulensis, E. uroplylla, E. saligna, E. grandis and E. urograndis and Corymbria citriodora. In chapter 3 soil moisture has a negative correlation between FCO2 and significant (p < 0.05), proved to be one of the important factors in controlling soil respiration. The vegetation indices NDRE (Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), SAVI (Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index) and MSAVI (Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index) showed higher negative correlation with FCO2, and a significant influence of p < 0.001 for E. camaldulensis, E. saligna and E. uroplylla species. In chapter 4, remote sensing was used to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of CO2 from 2015 to 2018 in the state of Mato Grosso, which is the main agricultural frontier in Brazil. The results of chapter 4 showed that the temporal variability of CO2 flux is positively correlated with precipitation, while XCO2 is negatively correlated with precipitation. Therefore, not only XCO2, but also CO2flux are directly related to land use and land cover change (LULCC) in complex systems that are affected by climatic variables and processes, such as photosynthesis and soil respiration.
The soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, is recognized as the second largest carbon (C) flux between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. In agricultural areas it is a process resulting from the interaction of different factors, such as climate, soil conditions and technological investment. Thus, studies capable of characterizing the dynamics of CO2 are important in the search for understanding the relationships between soil attributes in different production systems. The work was conducted in four chapters, developed in the state of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. In chapter 1, the general considerations of the study were presented. In chapter 2, we evaluated the temporal variability of CO2 emission from soil and its relation with related variables as CO2 flux (CO2Flux) derived from photosynthetic processes, Enhanced vegetation index (EVI), Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Soil Temperature (Ts) and Soil Moisture (Ms), in the crop year 2020/2021 in Aurora Farm, which is located in the municipality of Cláudia in the State of Mato Grosso with the different land uses and occupation: low yield potential soybean (SB); native forest (FN); high yield potential soybean (SA); good pasture (PB) and degraded pasture (PD). Significant influence (p < 0.01) was found in this chapter for all variables analyzed and between the different land uses and land cover. The FCO2 values for SA and SB with the lowest values and for FN with the highest values being the opposite for CO2Flux. In chapter 3, were evaluated the relation between the flux of carbon dioxide from soil and multispectral indices of vegetation in a monoculture system of eucalypt species, in the experimental field of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus de Chapadão do Sul where the area is composed of five species of eucalyptus: E. camaldulensis, E. uroplylla, E. saligna, E. grandis and E. urograndis and Corymbria citriodora. In chapter 3 soil moisture has a negative correlation between FCO2 and significant (p < 0.05), proved to be one of the important factors in controlling soil respiration. The vegetation indices NDRE (Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), SAVI (Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index) and MSAVI (Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index) showed higher negative correlation with FCO2, and a significant influence of p < 0.001 for E. camaldulensis, E. saligna and E. uroplylla species. In chapter 4, remote sensing was used to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of CO2 from 2015 to 2018 in the state of Mato Grosso, which is the main agricultural frontier in Brazil. The results of chapter 4 showed that the temporal variability of CO2 flux is positively correlated with precipitation, while XCO2 is negatively correlated with precipitation. Therefore, not only XCO2, but also CO2flux are directly related to land use and land cover change (LULCC) in complex systems that are affected by climatic variables and processes, such as photosynthesis and soil respiration.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agricultura, Gases de efeito estufa, Dióxido de carbono, Agriculture, Greenhouse Gases, Land use and land cover, Carbon dioxide, Uso da terra