Internet das coisas aplicada ao gerenciamento de rastreabilidade de amostras biológicas
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Data
2023-02-23
Autores
Ferrasi, Emerson Carlos Sarti
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O compartilhamento de amostras biológicas entre centros de pesquisa ocorre historicamente e essa prática tem sido estimulada nas últimas décadas pelos órgãos públicos de financiamento a pesquisa. Além disso, em laboratórios de análises clínicas, amostras biológicas precisam ser transportadas a partir do momento da sua coleta até a análise final e este processo pode ocorrer dentro de um único laboratório ou entre várias instituições, estejam elas localizadas na mesma cidade ou até mesmo em locais muito distantes geograficamente. A acurácia nos resultados das análises é influenciada diretamente pela estabilidade e conservação das amostras nas etapas pré-analíticas. A manutenção da temperatura e umidade adequadas, bem como o índice de luminosidade a que são submetidas as amostras são fatores essenciais que devem ser garantidos para que os resultados laboratoriais sejam acurados e reprodutivos. Embora a conservação e segurança biológica sejam requisitos supostamente garantidos pelas empresas especializadas no transporte, as reais condições em que o material foi transportado não são registradas satisfatoriamente, restando ao remetente e destinatário apenas fiar-se da credibilidade e garantias que as empresas lhes oferecem. Assim, faz-se de grande importância o desenvolvimento de um sistema de detecção e registro automatizado das condições físicas em que o material foi exposto durante o percurso do transporte. Existem produtos para o monitoramento de temperatura e umidade disponíveis no mercado, contudo, o investimento é considerado relativamente alto, principalmente quando os potenciais usuários são laboratórios clínicos ou de pesquisa públicos, que já trabalham em uma faixa estreita de recursos. Com o avanço na ciência de dados, a internet atravessa uma de suas maiores e mais desafiante revolução tecnológica, permitindo a criação de objetos e dispositivos inteligentes interconectados, que compartilham dados em tempo real. Esta inovação é conhecida como a Internet das Coisas (do inglês Internet of Things – IoT) e se baseia no conceito de que “coisas” coletem, armazenem e compartilhem dados, que uma vez processados e analisados, podem gerar outras informações e serviços, de forma autônoma. Esse cenário torna relevante direcionar esforços para o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo autômato que monitore os fatores relevantes para a conservação do material biológico, principalmente temperatura, umidade relativa e luminosidade ambiente, produzido a um custo acessível à realidade dos laboratórios e pesquisadores brasileiros. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse projeto foi determinar a especificação dos requisitos técnicos necessários para o desenvolvido de um dispositivo eletrônico microcontrolado, interconectado a sensores captadores de umidade, temperatura e luminosidade aplicado ao monitoramento autônomo de indicadores ambientais, utilizando Internet das Coisas. Resultou desse estudo, a elaboração de uma proposta de uma de um dispositivo, de baixo custo, para detecção e registro de dados ambientais de amostras biológicas, entre outros materiais, durante o seu transporte.
The sharing of biological samples between research centers has historically occurred and this practice has been encouraged in recent decades by public research funding agencies. In addition, in clinical analysis laboratories, biological samples need to be transported from the moment of their collection until the final analysis and this process can occur within a single laboratory or between several institutions, whether they are located in the same city or even in geographically distant places. The accuracy of the analysis results is directly influenced by the stability and conservation of the samples in the pre-analytical stages. The maintenance of adequate temperature and humidity, as well as the luminosity index to which the samples are submitted are essential factors that must be guaranteed so that the laboratory results are accurate and reproducible. Although conservation and biological safety are requirements supposedly guaranteed by companies specializing in transport, the actual conditions under which the material was transported are not satisfactorily recorded, leaving the sender and recipient to rely only on the credibility and guarantees that companies offer them. Thus, it is of great importance to develop a detection system and automated recording of the physical conditions in which the material was exposed during the course of transport. There are products for monitoring temperature and humidity available on the market, however, the investment is considered relatively high, especially when potential users are public clinical or research laboratories, which already work in a narrow range of resources. With the advancement in data science, the internet is going through one of its biggest and most challenging technological revolutions, allowing the creation of interconnected intelligent objects and devices that share data in real time. This innovation is known as the Internet of Things (IoT) and is based on the concept that “things” collect, store and share data, which once processed and analyzed, can generate other information and services, in a different way. autonomous way. This scenario makes it relevant to direct efforts towards the development of an automaton device that monitors relevant factors for the conservation of biological material, mainly temperature, relative humidity and ambient luminosity, produced at an affordable cost for the reality of Brazilian laboratories and researchers. In this context, the objective of this project was to determine the specification of the technical requirements necessary for the development of a microcontrolled electronic device, interconnected to sensors that capture humidity, temperature and luminosity applied to the autonomous monitoring of environmental indicators, using the Internet of Things. As a result of this study, the elaboration of a proposal for a low-cost device for detecting and recording environmental data from biological samples, among other materials, during transport.
The sharing of biological samples between research centers has historically occurred and this practice has been encouraged in recent decades by public research funding agencies. In addition, in clinical analysis laboratories, biological samples need to be transported from the moment of their collection until the final analysis and this process can occur within a single laboratory or between several institutions, whether they are located in the same city or even in geographically distant places. The accuracy of the analysis results is directly influenced by the stability and conservation of the samples in the pre-analytical stages. The maintenance of adequate temperature and humidity, as well as the luminosity index to which the samples are submitted are essential factors that must be guaranteed so that the laboratory results are accurate and reproducible. Although conservation and biological safety are requirements supposedly guaranteed by companies specializing in transport, the actual conditions under which the material was transported are not satisfactorily recorded, leaving the sender and recipient to rely only on the credibility and guarantees that companies offer them. Thus, it is of great importance to develop a detection system and automated recording of the physical conditions in which the material was exposed during the course of transport. There are products for monitoring temperature and humidity available on the market, however, the investment is considered relatively high, especially when potential users are public clinical or research laboratories, which already work in a narrow range of resources. With the advancement in data science, the internet is going through one of its biggest and most challenging technological revolutions, allowing the creation of interconnected intelligent objects and devices that share data in real time. This innovation is known as the Internet of Things (IoT) and is based on the concept that “things” collect, store and share data, which once processed and analyzed, can generate other information and services, in a different way. autonomous way. This scenario makes it relevant to direct efforts towards the development of an automaton device that monitors relevant factors for the conservation of biological material, mainly temperature, relative humidity and ambient luminosity, produced at an affordable cost for the reality of Brazilian laboratories and researchers. In this context, the objective of this project was to determine the specification of the technical requirements necessary for the development of a microcontrolled electronic device, interconnected to sensors that capture humidity, temperature and luminosity applied to the autonomous monitoring of environmental indicators, using the Internet of Things. As a result of this study, the elaboration of a proposal for a low-cost device for detecting and recording environmental data from biological samples, among other materials, during transport.
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Palavras-chave
Internet das Coisas, Sensores, Amostras biológicas, Internet of things, Sensors, Biological samples