Estudo de SNPs do cromossomo Y na população do Estado do Espirito Santo, Brasil
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Data
2012-04-20
Autores
Figueiredo, Raquel de Freitas [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A identificação humana pela análise de DNA utiliza o perfil genético de um indivíduo baseado no estudo de uma combinação de marcadores que são herdados de seus progenitores. Os marcadores genéticos mais utilizados na rotina forense estão presentes nos cromossomos autossomos, porém, os marcadores presentes nos cromossomos sexuais (X e Y) e no DNA mitocondrial auxiliam as análises de forma eficiente. Assim, os marcadores do cromossomo Y têm sido muito estudados, pois além do campo forense, estes possuem várias aplicações no campo evolucionário, como na compreensão da genética populacional e exploração da história da evolução humana. Duas categorias principais são atualmente utilizadas para examinar o cromossomo Y: loci bialélico (polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único – SNPs – e inserção Alu) e loci multialélico (minissatélites e microssatélites – STRs). SNPs possuem várias vantagens em relação aos STRs, principalmente com amostras degradadas ou em pequena quantidade, devido a sua alta frequência, simplicidade, menor tamanho e baixa taxa de mutação. Assim, visando à ampliação dos dados da população brasileira em relação aos marcadores genéticos, este estudo teve por objetivo identificar os maiores haplogrupos existentes na população do Estado do Espírito Santo e avaliar as contribuições de Africanos, Ameríndios e Europeus na sua formação, uma vez que esse estado recebeu imigrantes de várias origens. Para isso, foram estudados 35 Y-SNPs em 255 amostras de indivíduos do sexo masculino nascidos no Estado do Espírito Santo - Brasil. A genotipagem foi realizada por PCR seguida por minisequenciamento (SNaPshot Multiplex) e detecção por eletroforese capilar no analisador genético ABI3500 (Applied Biosystems by Life Technologies). Dos 38 haplogrupos possíveis de serem classificados...
Human identification by DNA analysis uses the genetic profile of an individual studying a combination of markers inherited from their parents. The genetic markers most widely used in routine forensic are present in the autosomes, however, the markers present in sex chromosomes (X and Y) and mitochondrial DNA helps analysis efficiently. Thus, the Y chromosome markers have been widely studied because beyond the forensic field, they have several applications in the field of evolution, such as in the understanding of population genetics and exploitation of human evolutionary history. Two main categories are currently used to examine the Y chromosome: biallelic loci (single nucleotide polymorphisms - SNPs - and Alu insertion) and multiallelic loci (minisatellites and microsatellites - STRs). SNPs have several advantages over STRs, especially with degraded or in small quantities samples, due to its high frequency, simplicity, small size and low mutation rate. Thus, aiming to increase the data of the brazilian population related to genetic markers, the objective of this study was to identify the major haplogroups existing in the population of Espirito Santo and evaluate the contribution of Africans, Amerindians and Europeans in their formation, since this state has received immigrants from various origins. For this purpose, 35 Y-SNPs in 255 blood samples from male individuals born in Espirito Santo State-Brazil. Genotyping was performed by PCR followed by minisequencing reaction (SNaPshot Multiplex) and detection by capillary electrophoresis on ABI3500 genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems by Life Technologies). Of the 38 possible haplogroups to be classified with the 35 SNPs studied, only 19 were detected in this sample. The haplogroup diversity was 0.7794±0.0229 and the most frequent haplogroup was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Human identification by DNA analysis uses the genetic profile of an individual studying a combination of markers inherited from their parents. The genetic markers most widely used in routine forensic are present in the autosomes, however, the markers present in sex chromosomes (X and Y) and mitochondrial DNA helps analysis efficiently. Thus, the Y chromosome markers have been widely studied because beyond the forensic field, they have several applications in the field of evolution, such as in the understanding of population genetics and exploitation of human evolutionary history. Two main categories are currently used to examine the Y chromosome: biallelic loci (single nucleotide polymorphisms - SNPs - and Alu insertion) and multiallelic loci (minisatellites and microsatellites - STRs). SNPs have several advantages over STRs, especially with degraded or in small quantities samples, due to its high frequency, simplicity, small size and low mutation rate. Thus, aiming to increase the data of the brazilian population related to genetic markers, the objective of this study was to identify the major haplogroups existing in the population of Espirito Santo and evaluate the contribution of Africans, Amerindians and Europeans in their formation, since this state has received immigrants from various origins. For this purpose, 35 Y-SNPs in 255 blood samples from male individuals born in Espirito Santo State-Brazil. Genotyping was performed by PCR followed by minisequencing reaction (SNaPshot Multiplex) and detection by capillary electrophoresis on ABI3500 genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems by Life Technologies). Of the 38 possible haplogroups to be classified with the 35 SNPs studied, only 19 were detected in this sample. The haplogroup diversity was 0.7794±0.0229 and the most frequent haplogroup was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cromossomo Y, Cromossomos - Polimorfismo, Y Chromosome
Como citar
FIGUEIREDO, Raquel de Freitas. Estudo de SNPs do cromossomo Y na população do Estado do Espirito Santo, Brasil. 2012. 66 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2012.