Desenvolvimento e caracterização de dispersão sólida com propriedade mucoadesiva para liberação de zidovudina
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Data
2012-02-15
Autores
Pedreiro, Liliane Neves [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A zidovudina, azidotimidina (AZT), é o fármaco mais utilizado isoladamente ou em associação com outros agentes antirretrovirais para o tratamento da AIDS, causada pelo vírus HIV. A baixa biodisponibilidade do AZT é o grande desafio a ser vencido para otimizar seu desempenho na terapêutica por via oral, já que sua elevada taxa de metabolização hepática e baixa permeabilidade resultam na necessidade de administração de elevadas doses do fármaco, as quais frequentemente alcançam níveis plasmáticos tóxicos, causando efeitos adversos graves. As dispersões sólidas (DS) representam importante estratégia tecnológica para melhorar a eficácia de fármacos, constituindo alternativas terapêuticas farmacologicamente mais eficientes. Ademais, sistemas de liberação de fármacos com propriedades mucoadesivas permitem o contato íntimo do fármaco com a mucosa e o aumento do seu tempo de permanência em um sítio específico pode melhorar a biodisponibilidade de fármacos por ser capaz de manter o fármaco por mais tempo em contato com a mucosa intestinal. O fármaco contido na matriz polimérica da DS proporciona um aumento de concentração local de ativo e consegue liberar esta alta concentração rapidamente, favorecendo o aumento da absorção do fármaco. No presente trabalho, dispersões sólidas binárias contendo AZT / glicolato sódico de amido (GSA) e ternárias contendo AZT / GSA / ftalato de hidroxipropilmetilcelulose (HPMCP) foram obtidas pela técnica de evaporação do solvente e avaliados parâmetros como solubilidade, caracterização físico-química, mucoadesão, dissolução in vitro, intumescimento e absorção intestinal do fármaco. A solubilidade do AZT mostrou-se independente do pH do meio (1,2 e 7,4) e o aumento da concentração de GSA nas dispersões sólidas binárias diminuiu a solubilidade do fármaco...
Zidovudine (AZT) is the most widely used drug alone or in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of AIDS, caused by the HIV virus. The low AZT bioavailability is the great challenge to be overcome to optimize its performance in oral therapy, since its high rate of hepatic metabolism and low permeability results in the need for high doses of the drug, which often reach toxic plasma levels, causing serious side effects. Solid dispersions (SD) are an important technological strategy to improve the drug’s effectiveness, reaching pharmacologically more effective therapeutic alternatives. Furthermore, drug delivery systems with mucoadhesives properties allow intimate contact of the drug with mucosa and the increase of the residence time at a specific site can improve the bioavailability of drugs by being able to keep the drug for longer in contact with the intestinal mucosa. The drug contained in the polymer matrix of SD provides an increased local concentration of active and can quickly release this high concentration, favoring the increase of the drug’s absorption. In this study, binary SD containing AZT/Sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and ternary within AZT/SSG/Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) were obtained by the solvent evaporation method with the evaluation of parameters such as solubility, physicochemical characterization, mucoadhesion, in vitro dissolution, swelling and intestinal drug absorption. The solubility of AZT was independent of medium pH (1.2 and 7.4) and the increase in the concentration of GSA in binary SD decreased the solubility of the drug. The particle size analysis showed the reduced particle size of binary DS up to 63.5% and 84.7% of DS in relation to the respective ternary physical mixtures while the study of surface morphology showed differences between the solid dispersions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Zidovudine (AZT) is the most widely used drug alone or in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of AIDS, caused by the HIV virus. The low AZT bioavailability is the great challenge to be overcome to optimize its performance in oral therapy, since its high rate of hepatic metabolism and low permeability results in the need for high doses of the drug, which often reach toxic plasma levels, causing serious side effects. Solid dispersions (SD) are an important technological strategy to improve the drug’s effectiveness, reaching pharmacologically more effective therapeutic alternatives. Furthermore, drug delivery systems with mucoadhesives properties allow intimate contact of the drug with mucosa and the increase of the residence time at a specific site can improve the bioavailability of drugs by being able to keep the drug for longer in contact with the intestinal mucosa. The drug contained in the polymer matrix of SD provides an increased local concentration of active and can quickly release this high concentration, favoring the increase of the drug’s absorption. In this study, binary SD containing AZT/Sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and ternary within AZT/SSG/Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) were obtained by the solvent evaporation method with the evaluation of parameters such as solubility, physicochemical characterization, mucoadhesion, in vitro dissolution, swelling and intestinal drug absorption. The solubility of AZT was independent of medium pH (1.2 and 7.4) and the increase in the concentration of GSA in binary SD decreased the solubility of the drug. The particle size analysis showed the reduced particle size of binary DS up to 63.5% and 84.7% of DS in relation to the respective ternary physical mixtures while the study of surface morphology showed differences between the solid dispersions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Zidovudina, HIV (Virus), AIDS (Doença), Polimeros, Espectroscopia de ultravioleta, Fármacos, Farmacotécnica, Raios X - Difração
Como citar
PEDREIRO, Liliane Neves. Desenvolvimento e caracterização de dispersão sólida com propriedade mucoadesiva para liberação de zidovudina. 2013. 99 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2013.