Sobre a importância da deliberação e da escolha na ética a Nicômaco
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Data
2013
Autores
Fernandes, Elaine Carvalho [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A finalidade do texto é explicar a importância da escolha deliberada e da deliberação para a Ética a Nicômaco de Aristóteles. Discutiremos o método usado na EN, a definição de bem supremo, a consequente necessidade da modificação das divisões da alma humana e de suas respectivas funções, a definição de virtude para, por fim, comprovarmos a tal importância. Ao final teremos que a felicidade, que é o bem do homem, reside na virtude da sua função própria. Tal função própria seria a atividade do princípio racional, e a felicidade, na virtude de tal atividade. Assim, a vida feliz seria ou a vida virtuosa ou a vida contemplativa. Restringiremos esta dissertação à análise da vida virtuosa. A vida virtuosa diz respeito às ações. Como Aristóteles não é alheio ao papel dos desejos, prazeres e dores nas ações humanas, estes deveriam, de algum modo, participar da razão. Por isto, o Estagirita propõe um novo modelo de divisão da alma humana de um modo que a parte irracional da alma responsável por eles seja capaz de ouvir a razão. Mas não a razão teórica, que parte de princípios universais e imutáveis e que não daria conta da grande variedade de circunstâncias que envolvem a ação humana, mas sim a razão prática. Esta última será responsável pela deliberação. A deliberação, que Aristóteles restringe ao “como e através de que” podemos atingir um fim posto pelo desejo em grande parte controla e decide a escolha deliberada e a posterior ação. Controla, pois, se a deliberação chegar a um ponto em que o agente moral não encontrar saída, ou a única saída é moralmente reprovável, ele cessa a deliberação, e o fim é vetado. A felicidade não pode ser deliberada, apenas desejada, mas ela só será atingida pelo agente virtuoso que possui a virtude moral e intelectual, voltadas ao justo meio em relação a nós. A virtude moral seria a excelência da disposição...
The purpose of the text is explaining the importance of deliberate choice and deliberation to Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. We will discuss the method used in the EN, the definition of the supreme good, the consequent need of modification of the divisions human soul divisions and their functions, the definition of virtue to finally prove such importance. At the end we will have that happiness , which is the good of man, lies in the virtue of its proper function. Such a function itself would be the activity of the rational principle, and happiness, in virtue of such activity. Thus, the happy life would be or the virtuous life or the contemplative life. Confine this work to the analysis of the virtuous life. The virtuous life concerns actions. As Aristotle is no stranger to the role of desires, pleasures and pains in human action, these should somehow participate reason. Therefore, Stagirite proposes a new model of division of the human soul, in a way that the irrational part of the soul responsible for them to be able to listen to reason. But no theoretical reason, that comes from universal and immutable principles, and that would not account for the wide variety of circumstances involving human action, but practical reason. The last one will be responsible for the deliberation. The deliberation, which Aristotle restricts the how and through which we can reach an end by desire, largely controls and decides the deliberate choice and subsequent action. It controls, because, if the deliberation reaches a point where the moral agent does not find out, or the only way is morally reprehensible, it ceases the deliberation and the end is vetoed. Happiness can not be deliberated, only desired, but it will only be achieved by the virtuous agent, who possesses the moral virtue and intellectual virtue, aimed at fair way towards us. The moral virtue would be the provision of engineered excellence, and...
The purpose of the text is explaining the importance of deliberate choice and deliberation to Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. We will discuss the method used in the EN, the definition of the supreme good, the consequent need of modification of the divisions human soul divisions and their functions, the definition of virtue to finally prove such importance. At the end we will have that happiness , which is the good of man, lies in the virtue of its proper function. Such a function itself would be the activity of the rational principle, and happiness, in virtue of such activity. Thus, the happy life would be or the virtuous life or the contemplative life. Confine this work to the analysis of the virtuous life. The virtuous life concerns actions. As Aristotle is no stranger to the role of desires, pleasures and pains in human action, these should somehow participate reason. Therefore, Stagirite proposes a new model of division of the human soul, in a way that the irrational part of the soul responsible for them to be able to listen to reason. But no theoretical reason, that comes from universal and immutable principles, and that would not account for the wide variety of circumstances involving human action, but practical reason. The last one will be responsible for the deliberation. The deliberation, which Aristotle restricts the how and through which we can reach an end by desire, largely controls and decides the deliberate choice and subsequent action. It controls, because, if the deliberation reaches a point where the moral agent does not find out, or the only way is morally reprehensible, it ceases the deliberation and the end is vetoed. Happiness can not be deliberated, only desired, but it will only be achieved by the virtuous agent, who possesses the moral virtue and intellectual virtue, aimed at fair way towards us. The moral virtue would be the provision of engineered excellence, and...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aristóteles, Virtude, Ética, Metafisica, Filosofia antiga
Como citar
FERNANDES, Elaine Carvalho. Sobre a importância da deliberação e da escolha na ética a Nicômaco. 2013. 105 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências de Marília, 2013.