Utilização de enzimas produzidas por Trichoderma reesei E Aspergillus niger na extração de óleos essenciais
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2008-02-12
Autores
Santos, Emerson dos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso e produção de enzimas têm se tornado uma das áreas de maior interesse da indústria biotecnológica. As enzimas obtidas de microrganismos por processos fermentativos têm sido amplamente pesquisadas e utilizadas em todo mundo. A aplicação de enzimas na extração de óleos é uma alternativa consistente aos processos convencionais, por se tratar de um processo que consome menor energia, melhora a qualidade de vários produtos como, por exemplo, o óleo de oliva, e causa um mínimo de impacto ambiental. Para realizar a extração do óleo, que se encontra nos vacúolos intracelulares, há a necessidade do rompimento das paredes e membranas celulares. Os tratamentos mecânico e térmico causam a ruptura das estruturas celulares, porém, não são suficientes, já que parte do óleo permanece na célula, sem ser extraído. Para aumentar o rendimento no processo de extração do óleo se faz necessário a utilização de um complexo multienzimático que irá atuar sobre os componentes da parede, facilitando a sua liberação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar uma mistura de enzimas contendo celulases, xilanases e pectinases produzidas por microrganismos para extração de óleos essenciais de plantas. As enzimas foram produzidas pelos fungos T. reesei Rut C-30 e Aspergillus niger, em processo fermentativo incubado em biorreator de 10 L. A composição do meio de cultura, bem como as condições de cultivo, foram estabelecidas a fim de se obter maior produção de enzimas. A produção de enzimas em biorreator para a linhagem Rut C-30 de T. reesei mostrou os melhores níveis em pH 4,0, temperatura de 28º C, agitação de 400 rpm e taxa de aeração de 1,5 vvm, obtendo uma produção de 2,01 U/mg, 1,79 U/mg e 0,2 U/mg de celulase, xilanase e pectinase, respectivamente. A produção utilizando A. niger apresentou melhores níveis enzimáticos nas mesmas condições usadas para T. reesei e foram: 1,21 U/mg, 2,96 U/mg e 4,2 U/mg de celulase,
The use and production of enzyme have become one of the areas of great interest of the biotechnological industry. The enzymes produced by microorganisms in fermentation processes have been widely searched and used in the world. The enzyme application in the oil extraction is a consistent alternative to the conventional processes, because represents a process that consumes less energy, improves the quality of some products as, for example, the olive oil, and cause a minimum of environmental impact. To perform the extraction of the oil, which is found in the intracellular vacuoles, it is necessary break the cellular and membranes walls. The mechanical and thermal treatments cause the rupture of the cellular structures, however, they are not enough, since part of the oil remains in the cell, without be extracted. To increase the yield in the process of oil extraction is necessary to use a multienzymatic complex that will act on the components of the wall, facilitating its release. The objective of this work was to utilize a enzyme mixture containing cellulases, xylanases and pectinases produced by microorganisms to extract plants essential oils. The enzymes had been produced by the microorganisms Trichoderma reesei QM9414 and T. reesei Rut C-30 and Aspergillus niger, in fermentative process incubated in a 10L bioreactor. The composition of the culture medium, and the culture conditions were established in order to obtain higher level of enzyme production. The enzyme production in bioreactor by T. reesei Rut C-30 showed the best levels in pH 4.0, temperature of 28º C, agitation of 400 rpm and tax of aeration of 1,5 vvm, and obtaining production of 2.01 U/mg, 1.79 U/mg and 0.2 U/mg of cellulase, xylanase and pectinase, respectively. The production using A. niger showed the best leves at the same conditions used to T. reesei and the were: 1.21 U/mg, 2.96 U/mg and 4.2 U/mg of cellulase, xylanase and pectinase, respectively. Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.
The use and production of enzyme have become one of the areas of great interest of the biotechnological industry. The enzymes produced by microorganisms in fermentation processes have been widely searched and used in the world. The enzyme application in the oil extraction is a consistent alternative to the conventional processes, because represents a process that consumes less energy, improves the quality of some products as, for example, the olive oil, and cause a minimum of environmental impact. To perform the extraction of the oil, which is found in the intracellular vacuoles, it is necessary break the cellular and membranes walls. The mechanical and thermal treatments cause the rupture of the cellular structures, however, they are not enough, since part of the oil remains in the cell, without be extracted. To increase the yield in the process of oil extraction is necessary to use a multienzymatic complex that will act on the components of the wall, facilitating its release. The objective of this work was to utilize a enzyme mixture containing cellulases, xylanases and pectinases produced by microorganisms to extract plants essential oils. The enzymes had been produced by the microorganisms Trichoderma reesei QM9414 and T. reesei Rut C-30 and Aspergillus niger, in fermentative process incubated in a 10L bioreactor. The composition of the culture medium, and the culture conditions were established in order to obtain higher level of enzyme production. The enzyme production in bioreactor by T. reesei Rut C-30 showed the best levels in pH 4.0, temperature of 28º C, agitation of 400 rpm and tax of aeration of 1,5 vvm, and obtaining production of 2.01 U/mg, 1.79 U/mg and 0.2 U/mg of cellulase, xylanase and pectinase, respectively. The production using A. niger showed the best leves at the same conditions used to T. reesei and the were: 1.21 U/mg, 2.96 U/mg and 4.2 U/mg of cellulase, xylanase and pectinase, respectively. Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Extração enzimática - Teses, Óleos essenciais - Teses, Celulase, Biotecnologia
Como citar
SANTOS, Emerson dos. Utilização de enzimas produzidas por Trichoderma reesei E Aspergillus niger na extração de óleos essenciais. 2008. 125 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2008.