Os cuidados com o corpo individual e monástico entre os cistercienses portugueses.
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Data
2023-05-04
Autores
Rodarte, Vitória Maria
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Ordem de Cister, fundada na França no século XII e baseada na observância austera da Regra de São Bento, foi amplamente difundida no ocidente europeu e foi bem aceita sobretudo nos reinos Ibéricos. Em Portugal no século XV, a rede de mosteiros, com sua estrutura hierarquizada e uma intensa atividade agrícola, pastoral e cultural, assume como uma das suas ações os cuidados com a saúde dos indivíduos; o que se encontra documentado, entre outras fontes, nas cartas resultantes de visitas de inspeção e reforma empreendidas por abades comendatários. Atentando para os cuidados relativos à saúde e para as técnicas de tratamento de enfermidades e pestilências, em associação com as recomendações moralizantes do clero secular e regular, este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre os lugares onde as práticas de cuidado com o corpo ocorriam e os tipos de cuidados que eram correntes, levando em consideração a combinação entre a dimensão individual, espiritual e física, e a dimensão coletiva, relativa à vida comunitária, ou melhor, ao corpo monástico. A partir da análise de documentos basilares cistercienses, copiados e traduzidos para a língua vernácula em mosteiros portugueses da ordem, assim como das referidas cartas de visitação, propomos interrogar quais eram as preocupações e as práticas respectivas a esses dois corpos, o individual e o monástico, nestas casas-monásticas cistercienses portuguesas e quais eram os agentes impulsionadores de tais cuidados, inspirados pela cúpula cisterciense francesa, mas adaptados à realidade portuguesa. Interessa-nos examinar o período em que se intensifica a intervenção régia em tais mosteiros no século XV e em que se efetiva a separação entre a cúpula francesa e os mosteiros Ibéricos, com a culminância, no caso português, da Congregação Autônoma de Santa Maria de Alcobaça, no Quinhentos.
The Cistercian Order, founded in France in the 12th century and based on the austere observance of the Rule of Saint Benedict, was widely disseminated in Western Europe and was well accepted, especially in the Iberian kingdoms. In Portugal in the 15th century, the network of monasteries, with its hierarchical structure and an intense agricultural, pastoral and cultural activity, assumes as one of its actions the health care of individuals; what is documented, among other sources, in the letters resulting from inspection and reform visits undertaken by commendatory abbots. Paying attention to health-related care and techniques for treating illnesses and pestilence, in association with the moralizing recommendations of the secular and regular clergy, this work proposes a reflection on the places where body care practices took place and the types care that were current, taking into account the combination between the individual, spiritual and physical dimension, and the collective dimension, related to community life, or rather, the monastic body. From the analysis of basic Cistercian documents, copied and translated into the vernacular language in Portuguese monasteries of the Order, as well as the aforementioned visitation letters, we propose to question what were the concerns and practices related to these two bodies, the individual and the monastic, in these Portuguese Cistercian monastic houses and what were the driving agents of such care, inspired by the French Cistercian dome, but adapted to the Portuguese reality. It is interesting to examine the period in which royal intervention in such monasteries intensified in the 15th century and in which the separation between the French dome and the Iberian monasteries took effect, with the culmination, in the Portuguese case, of the Autonomous Congregation of Santa Maria de Alcobaça in the Five hundred.
The Cistercian Order, founded in France in the 12th century and based on the austere observance of the Rule of Saint Benedict, was widely disseminated in Western Europe and was well accepted, especially in the Iberian kingdoms. In Portugal in the 15th century, the network of monasteries, with its hierarchical structure and an intense agricultural, pastoral and cultural activity, assumes as one of its actions the health care of individuals; what is documented, among other sources, in the letters resulting from inspection and reform visits undertaken by commendatory abbots. Paying attention to health-related care and techniques for treating illnesses and pestilence, in association with the moralizing recommendations of the secular and regular clergy, this work proposes a reflection on the places where body care practices took place and the types care that were current, taking into account the combination between the individual, spiritual and physical dimension, and the collective dimension, related to community life, or rather, the monastic body. From the analysis of basic Cistercian documents, copied and translated into the vernacular language in Portuguese monasteries of the Order, as well as the aforementioned visitation letters, we propose to question what were the concerns and practices related to these two bodies, the individual and the monastic, in these Portuguese Cistercian monastic houses and what were the driving agents of such care, inspired by the French Cistercian dome, but adapted to the Portuguese reality. It is interesting to examine the period in which royal intervention in such monasteries intensified in the 15th century and in which the separation between the French dome and the Iberian monasteries took effect, with the culmination, in the Portuguese case, of the Autonomous Congregation of Santa Maria de Alcobaça in the Five hundred.
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Palavras-chave
Portugal, Cistercienses, Corpo, Cistercians, Body