Revisão bibliográfica: Ascaris lumbricoides e a Ascaridíase
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Data
2023-12-15
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A ascaridíase é a helmintíase mais recorrente do mundo, ela é causada pelo Ascaris lumbricoides (Linnaeus, 1758), um geo-helminto que se relaciona de forma parasitária com os seres humanos. Embora a ascaridíase não tenha altas taxas de mortalidade, ela requer bastante atenção pois afeta diretamente a qualidade de vida dos parasitados, podendo afetar o desenvolvimento de crianças, que por sua vez é a população mais afetada e suscetível à doença. Trata-se de uma doença negligenciada, muito por conta de acometer principalmente pessoas pobres e de países tropicais e subdesenvolvidos, já que esses possuem as condições ideais para o desenvolvimento do parasita. É por conta dessa negligência e da relevância da doença para a saúde pública que se justifica a elaboração de uma revisão das informações encontradas na literatura a respeito dela, reunindo os seus sintomas e consequências, métodos de diagnóstico, tratamento, prevenção, medidas de controle da sua disseminação, ciclo de vida e informações morfológicas do parasita. Também é levado em consideração o período de pandemia da COVID-19, causada pelo SARS-CoV-2, buscando informações dos efeitos da coinfecção entre o este vírus e o A. lumbricoides na resposta imunológica do corpo humano. Esta pandemia tornou maior a ruptura da desigualdade social, que é outro fator de suscetibilidade da ascaridíase, por isso é importante ter helmintíases como está controladas para que não venham a ser um desafio, ainda maior, diante de situações como a vivida pela humanidade a partir do final de 2019. Este é um estudo de revisão bibliográfica com abordagem qualitativa, onde as informações foram recuperadas de ferramentas de pesquisa disponíveis na internet como o Scielo, Pubmed e Google Acadêmico. As informações reunidas neste trabalho levam a clara conclusão de que é preciso que a comunidade volte mais atenção à ascaridíase e a população afetada por ela, buscando novos medicamentos através da conscientização da indústria farmacêutica e bases de dados para acompanhamento constante da doença, principalmente no Brasil. É preciso também elucidar o impacto de uma helmintíase preexistente nos casos de COVID-19 e na gravidade deles.
Ascariasis is the most recurrent helminthiasis in the world, caused by Ascaris lumbricoides (Linnaeus, 1758), a geohelminth that relates to humans in a parasitic manner. Although ascariasis does not have high mortality rates, it requires significant attention as it directly affects the quality of life of those infected, potentially influencing the development of children, who in turn are the most affected and susceptible population. It is a neglected disease, largely due to its impact primarily on impoverished individuals in tropical and underdeveloped countries, which provide ideal conditions for the parasite's development. Because of this negligence and the disease's relevance to public health, justifying the need for a review of information found in the literature regarding it, gathering its symptoms and consequences, diagnostic methods, treatment, prevention, measures to control its dissemination, life cycle, and morphological information of the parasite. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is also taken into consideration, seeking information on the effects of coinfection between this virus and A. lumbricoides on the human body's immune response. This pandemic has exacerbated social inequality, which is another susceptibility factor for ascariasis. Therefore, it is important to have helminthiases like this under control, so they do not become an even greater challenge in situations such as the one humanity has been experiencing since late 2019. This is a bibliographic review study with a qualitative approach, where information was retrieved from research tools available on the internet, such as Scielo, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The information gathered in this work leads to the clear conclusion that the community needs to pay more attention to ascariasis, and the population affected by it, seeking new medications through raising awareness within the pharmaceutical industry and databases for constant disease monitoring, especially in Brazil. It is also necessary to elucidate the impact of a preexisting helminthiasis on COVID-19 cases and their severity.
Ascariasis is the most recurrent helminthiasis in the world, caused by Ascaris lumbricoides (Linnaeus, 1758), a geohelminth that relates to humans in a parasitic manner. Although ascariasis does not have high mortality rates, it requires significant attention as it directly affects the quality of life of those infected, potentially influencing the development of children, who in turn are the most affected and susceptible population. It is a neglected disease, largely due to its impact primarily on impoverished individuals in tropical and underdeveloped countries, which provide ideal conditions for the parasite's development. Because of this negligence and the disease's relevance to public health, justifying the need for a review of information found in the literature regarding it, gathering its symptoms and consequences, diagnostic methods, treatment, prevention, measures to control its dissemination, life cycle, and morphological information of the parasite. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is also taken into consideration, seeking information on the effects of coinfection between this virus and A. lumbricoides on the human body's immune response. This pandemic has exacerbated social inequality, which is another susceptibility factor for ascariasis. Therefore, it is important to have helminthiases like this under control, so they do not become an even greater challenge in situations such as the one humanity has been experiencing since late 2019. This is a bibliographic review study with a qualitative approach, where information was retrieved from research tools available on the internet, such as Scielo, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The information gathered in this work leads to the clear conclusion that the community needs to pay more attention to ascariasis, and the population affected by it, seeking new medications through raising awareness within the pharmaceutical industry and databases for constant disease monitoring, especially in Brazil. It is also necessary to elucidate the impact of a preexisting helminthiasis on COVID-19 cases and their severity.
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Palavras-chave
Geo-helmintíase, Doenças negligenciadas, COVID-19, Coinfecção, Revisão, Geohelminthiasis, Neglected diseases, Coinfection, Review