Análise da percepção da qualidade do ambiente interno em edifícios com e sem certificação ambiental
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Data
2023-03-21
Autores
Stella, Simone Merino Chiquetti
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A sustentabilidade das edificações vem sendo discutida por profissionais de diversas áreas desde o início da década de 1990, proporcionando o surgimento de inúmeras ferramentas para certificação dos chamados “edifícios verdes”. Instrumentos como estes pretendem verificar os impactos das construções no meio ambiente, bem como a eficiência de seu desempenho, buscando compreender todo o ciclo de vida de uma edificação. Contudo os aspectos avaliados pelas certificações ambientais, muitas vezes, se detêm a parâmetros técnicos e normativos, mesmo quando o assunto é a qualidade do ambiente interno, levantando o questionamento sobre a capacidade de estas garantirem uma melhoria direta na experiência dos usuários. Neste contexto, o objetivo da pesquisa é responder à seguinte pergunta: edifícios com certificação ambiental apresentam melhores índices de qualidade do ambiente interno do que edifícios sem certificação ambiental? Para isto foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre dois casos, sendo duas unidades do Serviço Social do Comércio (Sesc), uma na cidade de Birigui – SP com certificação LEED NC Gold, e outra na cidade de Bauru – SP, com edifício convencional. O mesmo questionário, com perguntas nas categorias de conforto térmico, conforto luminoso, conforto acústico, conforto respiratório, conforto ergonômico, saúde do participante, percepção geral, perfil do participante e sustentabilidade, foi aplicado nos usuários do setor administrativo em ambos os prédios, sendo seus dados tratados através de métodos descritivos e análises estatísticas de correlação e comparação. Os resultados demonstraram que, na maioria dos itens analisados, houve diferenças estatísticas pouco significativas entre o desempenho dos dois edifícios. O edifício com certificação ambiental se destacou positivamente com relação às variáveis ambientais térmicas, de iluminação e acústica, bem como na satisfação geral com o ambiente e com sua aparência.
The sustainability of buildings has been discussed by professionals from different areas since the beginning of the 1990s, providing the emergence of numerous tools for the certification of the so-called “green buildings”. Instruments such as these intend to verify the impacts of constructions on the environment, as well as the efficiency of their performance, seeking to understand the entire life cycle of a building. However, the aspects evaluated by environmental certifications are often limited to technical and regulatory parameters, even when it comes to the quality of the internal environment, raising questions about their ability to guarantee a direct improvement in the users' experience. In this context, the objective of the research is to answer the following question: do buildings with environmental certification have better rates of internal environment quality than buildings without environmental certification? For this, a comparative study was carried out between two cases, two units of the Social Service of Commerce (Sesc), one at the city of Birigui - SP with LEED NC Gold certification, and another at the city of Bauru - SP, with a conventional building. The same questionnaire, with questions in the categories of thermal comfort, light comfort, acoustic comfort, respiratory comfort, ergonomic comfort, participant health, general perception, participant profile and sustainability, was applied to users in the administrative sector in both buildings, being your data treated through descriptive methods and statistical analysis of correlation and comparison. The results showed that, in most of the items analyzed, there were statistically insignificant differences between the performance of the two buildings. The building with environmental certification stood out positively with regard to thermal, lighting and acoustic environmental variables, as well as overall satisfaction with the environment and its appearance.
The sustainability of buildings has been discussed by professionals from different areas since the beginning of the 1990s, providing the emergence of numerous tools for the certification of the so-called “green buildings”. Instruments such as these intend to verify the impacts of constructions on the environment, as well as the efficiency of their performance, seeking to understand the entire life cycle of a building. However, the aspects evaluated by environmental certifications are often limited to technical and regulatory parameters, even when it comes to the quality of the internal environment, raising questions about their ability to guarantee a direct improvement in the users' experience. In this context, the objective of the research is to answer the following question: do buildings with environmental certification have better rates of internal environment quality than buildings without environmental certification? For this, a comparative study was carried out between two cases, two units of the Social Service of Commerce (Sesc), one at the city of Birigui - SP with LEED NC Gold certification, and another at the city of Bauru - SP, with a conventional building. The same questionnaire, with questions in the categories of thermal comfort, light comfort, acoustic comfort, respiratory comfort, ergonomic comfort, participant health, general perception, participant profile and sustainability, was applied to users in the administrative sector in both buildings, being your data treated through descriptive methods and statistical analysis of correlation and comparison. The results showed that, in most of the items analyzed, there were statistically insignificant differences between the performance of the two buildings. The building with environmental certification stood out positively with regard to thermal, lighting and acoustic environmental variables, as well as overall satisfaction with the environment and its appearance.
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Palavras-chave
Conforto ambiental, LEED, IEQ, Percepção, Environmental comfort, Perception