Avaliação clínica e radiográfica de implantes osseointegráveis instalados na mandíbula posterior e submetidos a um protocolo de função oclusal precoce
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Data
2004
Autores
Pinto, Antonio Vicente de Souza [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As vantagens do tratamento do edentulismo total mandibular com implantes osseointegráveis e função oclusal precoce são bem conhecidas. Recentemente, um interesse crescente pelos benefícios dessa modalidade terapêutica envolveu o edentulismo parcial em várias regiões da boca. No entanto, protocolos bem definidos para a mandíbula posterior com função oclusal precoce não foram devidamente testados e aprovados. O objetivo desta investigação foi avaliar a eficácia clínica de um protocolo cirúrgico, protético e radiográfico para o tratamento da mandíbula posterior, com implantes osseointegráveis e função oclusal precoce. Treze pacientes com edentulismo parcial posterior, uni ou bilateral, foram tratados em clínica particular. Cinqüenta e dois implantes foram inseridos em 17 áreas mandibulares, com classes I, II e III de Kennedy. Os implantes utilizados foram MKIII e MKIV, com superfície lisa e foi empregada técnica cirúrgica padronizada para inserção dos implantes. A função oclusal precoce foi obtida com próteses parciais fixas instaladas com uma média de 7 dias da inserção dos implantes.O tempo de observação clínica variou entre 12 e 26 meses, com média de 19 meses. O nível do osso marginal foi determinado com medidas nas imagens digitalizadas de radiografias convencionais padronizadas. A taxa cumulativa de sobrevivência foi de 98,1% e a perda óssea marginal média, nos primeiros seis meses, foi de 1,02mm e 1,07mm para um ano de observação. A taxa da sobrevivência das próteses foi de 100%. Considerando os limites deste estudo, o protocolo testado para tratamento da mandíbula posterior com função oclusal precoce e implantes osseointegráveis parece viável para aplicação clínica em bases rotineiras, No entanto, estudos multicêntricos e a longo prazo devem ser conduzidos para confirmar ou refutar os resultados obtidos.
The early occlusal loading of Osseointegrated implants in mandibular totally edentulous patients have been shown to be a successful and an advantageous approach. Recently, this treatment modality evolved to the treatment of partially edentulous patients. However protocols for treating those cases were neither tested nor approved. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a surgical, a prosthetic and a radiographic protocol idealized for the treatment of the posterior mandible with early occlusaly loaded osseointegrated implants. Thirteen partially edentulous patients in the posterior mandibleunilaterally or bilaterally, were treated in a private practice setting. Fifty two fixtures were placed in seventeen mandibular areas class I, II and III accordingly to Kennedy’s classification. Machined MKIII and MKIV implants were placed utilizing standardized surgical technique. Early loading conditions were obtained with the placement of fixed partial dentures installed in average seven days after fixtures installation. The clinical observation time varied between 12 and 26 months with an average of 19 months. The marginal bone levels were determined from digital images derived from standardized conventional radiographs. A mean marginal bone loss of 1.02mm was noted in the first six months of observation and a mean marginal bone loss of 1.07 mm after 12 months under the evaluated conditions. The cumulative survival rate of 98.1% and 100 % were found for implants and prostheses respectively. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the tested protocol for the treatment of the posterior mandible with osseointegrated implants under early occlusal loading condition seemed to be a viable clinical alternative for routine application. Nevertheless, additional studies including a multicenter design and longer evaluation periods are necessary to substantiate these findings.
The early occlusal loading of Osseointegrated implants in mandibular totally edentulous patients have been shown to be a successful and an advantageous approach. Recently, this treatment modality evolved to the treatment of partially edentulous patients. However protocols for treating those cases were neither tested nor approved. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a surgical, a prosthetic and a radiographic protocol idealized for the treatment of the posterior mandible with early occlusaly loaded osseointegrated implants. Thirteen partially edentulous patients in the posterior mandibleunilaterally or bilaterally, were treated in a private practice setting. Fifty two fixtures were placed in seventeen mandibular areas class I, II and III accordingly to Kennedy’s classification. Machined MKIII and MKIV implants were placed utilizing standardized surgical technique. Early loading conditions were obtained with the placement of fixed partial dentures installed in average seven days after fixtures installation. The clinical observation time varied between 12 and 26 months with an average of 19 months. The marginal bone levels were determined from digital images derived from standardized conventional radiographs. A mean marginal bone loss of 1.02mm was noted in the first six months of observation and a mean marginal bone loss of 1.07 mm after 12 months under the evaluated conditions. The cumulative survival rate of 98.1% and 100 % were found for implants and prostheses respectively. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the tested protocol for the treatment of the posterior mandible with osseointegrated implants under early occlusal loading condition seemed to be a viable clinical alternative for routine application. Nevertheless, additional studies including a multicenter design and longer evaluation periods are necessary to substantiate these findings.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Mandíbula, Implantes dentarios endoosseos, Prótese dentária fixada por implante, Reabsorção óssea, Bone Resorption, Early oclusal function, Posterior mandible
Como citar
PINTO, Antonio Vicente de Souza. Avaliação clínica e radiográfica de implantes osseointegráveis instalados na mandíbula posterior e submetidos a um protocolo de função oclusal precoce. 2004. 163 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, 2004.